March 2025
Fixed Income Under the Spotlight: The Year of the Great Bifurcation
Co-CIO of Fixed Income Pilar Gomez-Bravo assesses the growing policy divergence between regions, and shares where she is finding credit opportunities despite high valuations and growing uncertainty.
Pilar Gómez-Bravo, CFA
Co-CIO Fixed Income
Navigating the current fixed income market demands a deep understanding of the macroeconomic landscape and its influencing factors. Policy uncertainty from the United States (US) and ongoing geopolitical tensions have created a challenging global environment, with bifurcation between regions. Central banks are responding with cautious monetary policies, awaiting clearer data before making significant moves. This measured approach is vital due to the complex interplay of elements such as tariffs, immigration dynamics, deregulation, fiscal policy and energy policy
In this environment, strategic portfolio management is essential for navigating fixed income markets. The US fiscal deficit poses a significant challenge for White House policy implementation. While the US benefits from having the world’s reserve currency, there is a tipping point where market sensitivity to the fiscal deficit could increase. Indicators such as a weakening dollar and higher yields at the long end of the yield curve could signal growing market intolerance for a high fiscal deficit. However, a significant shock, such as those seen in the United Kingdom and France, is not expected in the near term.
One of the primary concerns in the fixed income market is the potential for a trade war, which is not fully priced into current market valuations. This risk could severely impact global trade and economic stability, making it a critical factor for investors to monitor. The market also faces extended and stretched positions in certain crowded trades, raising concerns about liquidity. Although liquidity is currently stable, any significant unwinding of leverage, as we saw in the yen carry trade last year, could lead to substantial price gaps that catch investors off guard. The consensus view that there is no recession risk overlooks economic disparities within the US, where certain segments of the population are still struggling and policy uncertainty is likely to impact consumer and business sentiment. Another risk to the growth outlook is the sequencing of policy trades as these could tip the US into an unwanted slowdown before any macroeconomic benefits occur.
Valuations in the global fixed income market present both challenges and opportunities. Credit markets are generally expensive, but there are dislocations in the rate space that offer potential value. Investors are favoring short-duration assets, yet there remains a significant appetite for credit despite tight spreads. Navigating this environment requires a bottom-up approach, focused on identifying specific opportunities within the broader market. A patient yet nimble strategy allows investors to find value in dislocated areas while being mindful of the asymmetry of risk and return in credit markets.
Strategic positioning and careful selection in areas like investment-grade credit, high yield, emerging markets and structured credit are crucial, given the expensive valuations and market uncertainties. By focusing on specific dislocations and maintaining a defensive portfolio with global exposures to both credit and duration, investors can better navigate the complexities of the current market and capitalize on potential opportunities to generate long-term value. Monitoring fiscal policies, currency movements and economic growth trends will be essential for making informed investment decisions. Prudent diversification and a focus on higher quality exposures can help mitigate risks and enhance portfolio performance in this challenging economic environment.
Investment grade
The prevailing low-growth, low-inflation macro regime favors investment-grade credit, which is more defensive and carries less default risk. Nonetheless, investors must stay alert to the potential widening of spreads in the event of a market correction. The carry available from investment-grade credit is attractive despite high valuations. We have recently shifted to favoring US over European credit, although we remain overweight in Europe overall.
High yield
High yield markets, though crowded, still offer opportunities, particularly in short-duration high yield at the idiosyncratic level. Limited issuance relative to demand supports investments in this sector, but a bottom-up approach focused on analyst-led ideas is crucial due to very tight spreads.
Emerging market debt
Emerging markets (EM) present various opportunities. Some countries have strong balance sheets, making them appealing despite negative sentiment driven by a strong dollar. Investment-grade EM spreads remain less attractive, but we find opportunities in the crossover space.
Structured credit
Structured credit remains attractive due to its floating rate nature and the margins available in various structures. Diversifying within structured credit, including mortgages, is required to mitigate risks, ensure liquidity profiles and take advantage of relative value opportunities.
Duration
As always, duration management is another critical aspect of fixed income investing, complicated particularly in the US with increased tail risk of stagflation. The uncertainty faced by central banks makes it challenging to position with conviction. A diversified approach to global rates exposures is essential, focusing on markets where central banks are still restrictive relative to the macro backdrop. For example, markets like Korea and Canada, where the central banks have recently cut rates, offer attractive opportunities for duration. Similarly, European markets, where the central bank is expected to remain dovish, present opportunities for overweight duration positions. The key is to blend different parts of curves and countries to construct a portfolio that balances yield and total return opportunities. We are also looking at curve steepening trades as an alternative to pure duration exposure.
Looking ahead, the most attractive opportunities in the fixed income market will likely be found in areas where central banks are still restrictive and where there is potential for dislocations. Investors should remain aware of the risks associated with crowded trades and the potential for liquidity issues. A prudent, diversified and bottom-up approach to portfolio construction will be essential in navigating the complexities of the current market environment. By blending top-down allocation with a strong bottom-up focus, investors can position themselves to capitalize on the potential value in the fixed income market.
Investments in debt instruments may decline in value as the result of, or perception of, declines in the credit quality of the issuer, borrower, counterparty, or other entity responsible for payment, underlying collateral, or changes in economic, political, issuer-specific, or other conditions. Certain types of debt instruments can be more sensitive to these factors and therefore more volatile. In addition, debt instruments entail interest rate risk (as interest rates rise, prices usually fall). Therefore, the portfolio’s value may decline during rising rates.
The views expressed are those of the author(s) and are subject to change at any time. These views are for informational purposes only and should not be relied upon as a recommendation to purchase any security or as a solicitation or investment advice. No forecasts can be guaranteed. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.